Does a normal peripheral lactate value always indicate an aerobic tissue metabolism?

Intracellular Shuttle: The Lactate Aerobic Metabolism

Lactate is a highly dynamic metabolite that can be used as a fuel by several cells of the human body, particularly during physical exercise. Traditionally, it has been believed that the first step of lactate oxidation occurs in cytosol; however, this idea was recently challenged. A new hypothesis has been presented based on the fact that lactate-to-pyruvate conversion cannot occur in cytosol, b...

Does Prolactin Indicate Severity of Psoriasis?

Background: Psoriasis vulgaris is a common chronic and inflammatory disease of skin that its etiology is not completely known. However, it seems that genetic and environmental factors play a role in this disease. In vitro studies show that prolactin as a neurohormone has an etiologic effect on psoriasis. This study aimed to compare serum prolactin levels in psoriatic patients with control group...

Does Lymphocytic Colitis Always Present with Normal Endoscopic Findings?

BACKGROUND/AIMS Although normal endoscopic findings are, as a rule, part of the diagnosis of microscopic colitis, sev-eral cases of macroscopic lesions (MLs) have been reported in collagenous colitis, but hardly in lymphocytic colitis (LC). The aim of this study was to investigate the endoscopic, clini-cal, and histopathologic features of LC with MLs. METHODS A total of 14 patients with LC wh...

Benign simulators of melanoma on dermoscopy – black colour does not always indicate melanoma

Introduction: Simulators of malignant melanoma comprise a heterogeneous group of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions of the skin. They are mainly characterized by the occurrence of black or blue-black colors – both in clinical diagnosis as on dermoscopy. Therefore the proper recognition of this cases is extremely needed in daily general practice of many specialties’ doctors. Objective: The a...

Abnormal serum free light chain ratio does not always indicate monoclonal gammopathy.